Misapplications of Commonly Used Kidney Equations: Renal Physiology in Practice

Misapplications of commonly used kidney equations: renal physiology in practice.

Equations for estimating GFR, quantifying urinary protein excretion, and assessing renal sodium handling are widely used in routine nephrology and general medical and surgical practice. If these equations are applied in circumstances inconsistent with the clinical situations for or extrapolated beyond the limits in which they were validated, clinicians can come to erroneous conclusions, which c...

Deposition of carbon nanotubes in commonly used sample filter media

There is no single standard technique or methodology to characterize the size, structure, number, and chemical composition of airborne carbon nanotubes.  Existing analytical instruments and analytical techniques for evaluating nanoparticle concentrations cannot simultaneously provide morphology, state of agglomeration, surface area, mass, size distribution and chemical composition data critical...

Pregnancy and commonly used drugs in hematology practice.

When a woman suffering from a hematological condition is contemplating pregnancy, she may need to continue the use of medications that do not have sufficient evidence of fetal safety. We discuss the evidence existing for some therapies of major hematological conditions in the context of major principles in clinical teratology. It is critical to always balance the potential fetal risks of the dr...

Effect of fasting on renal physiology

Total abstention from food and water from sunrise to sunset during the month of  Ramadan, is practiced by hundreds of millions of Muslims throughout the world. This pattern of fasting during Ramadan is different from the usual fasting as people are allowed to eat and drink between sunset and dawn but not after dawn. The amount and type of food (rich in protein, fat and sugar) eaten during the n...

Commonly used vitamin supplements: implications for clinical practice.